HIV and AIDS

Introduction HIV is a virus most commonly caught by having unprotected sex or by sharing infected needles and other injecting equipment to inject drugs. HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. The virus attacks the immune system, and weakens your ability to fight infections and disease. AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection, when your body can no longer fight life-threatening infections. There is no cure for HIV, but there are...

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Laxatives

Laxatives are a type of medicine that can help you empty your bowels if you are having trouble going to the...

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Crohn’s disease

Introduction Crohn’s disease is a long-term condition that causes inflammation of the lining of the digestive system. Inflammation can affect any part of the digestive system, from the mouth to the back passage, but most commonly occurs in the last section of the small intestine (ileum) or the large intestine (colon). Common symptoms of Crohn’s disease include: Diarrhoea Abdominal pain Fatigue (extreme tiredness) Weight loss Over...

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Ulcerative colitis

Introduction Ulcerative colitis is a long-term (chronic) condition affecting the colon. Symptoms include: Bloody diarrhoea Abdominal pain A frequent need to go to the toilet Weight loss These can range from mild to severe, with the condition being unpredictable. Symptoms can flare up and then disappear (known as remission) for months or even years. Treatment There is currently no cure for ulcerative colitis so the aim of treatment is...

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Inflammatory bowel disease

Introduction Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is not a single disease. The term IBD is used mainly to describe two diseases: Crohn’s disease ulcerative colitis Both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic (long-term) diseases that involve inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract (gut). However, there are important differences between the two. Ulcerative colitis only affects the colon (large intestine), while Crohn’s...

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Urinary Catheterisation

Introduction Urinary catheterisation is a medical procedure used to drain and collect urine from the bladder. A thin flexible tube, known as a catheter, is inserted into the body, usually along the tube through which urine passes (the urethra) or through a hole in the abdomen. The catheter is then guided into the bladder, allowing urine to flow through it and into a drainage bag. What is it used for? A urinary catheter can be used on...

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